Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity per unit time. More simply, acceleration is the change in speed in a given time.
A car that goes from 0mph to 60mph in 3 seconds is said to accelerate faster than a car that goes from 0mph to 60mph in 7 seconds.
acceleration = velocity / time
Angle is the rotation between two intersecting lines or surfaces.
For example, on an analog clock displaying a time of 3:00, the minute hand and the hour hand are 90 degrees apart. At a time of 6:00, they are 180 degrees apart.
Another example, is when using a pair of scissors, the angle between the blades is changing with each cut.
Area is the amount of surface a shape covers. The shape can be 2D, like a flat plane or floor, or 3D, like the surface of a sphere.
Data refers to the digital memory used by a computer to store information.
A harddrive with one terabyte (TB) of memory can store more files than a harddrive with 500 gigabytes (GB) of memory.
Energy is a unit that defines the capacity to do work. In simpler terms, it defines how much work a machine or person can do. If you have a lot of energy, you can do a lot of work.
Energy exists in many forms, such as thermal (heat from a burning candle), electrical (electricity powering your device), mechanical (motion of hammering a nail), chemical (gasoline powering a car), radiant (microwaves cooking a meal), and more.
Force is an influence that can change the motion of an object. A force can accelerate (change the speed of) an object, based on its mass.
force = mass × acceleration
Length is the distance between 2 points. Any two points, such as two locations on earth, or two ends of an object.
length = abs(point2 - point1)
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Power is the amount of energy transferred per unit time. Power allows machines to do work, over time.
A machine with more power can work faster, or it can do more work in the same time.
For example, a lightbulb that uses more power (more energy per second) can shine brighter. A car that uses more power can accelerate faster. A computer that uses more power can process faster. As long as a machine has power, it can keep working. Working is the act of using energy.
power = energy / time
Pressure is the force applied (perpendicular) to a surface per unit area.
pressure = force / area
Speed is the rate of change of position per unit time. More simply, speed is the amount of distance traveled in a given time. A fast object travels a large distance in a short time. A slow object travels a short distance over a long time. A distance along a straight line is called length.
speed = distance / time
Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness. More specifically, the intensity of heat present in a substance or object.
Conversion between units of temperature is not always linear. For example:
0 °Celsius = 32°Fahrenheit
100 °Celsius = 212°Fahrenheit
Time is the period during which things exist and occur. More specifically, time is a continued sequence of existence and events.
Over time, the present becomes the past, and the future becomes the present.
Torque describes the force that can cause an object to rotate. Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force.
torque = force × radius
Volume is the amount of space a 3D region contains. The region can be a single 3D shape, such as a sphere, or multiple 3D shapes such as the combined volume of all rooms in a house.
